Tugas Riset Akuntansi tentang IFRS

3 ways in which IFRS is a change for the better Nama Kelompok : - Adif Sudariyanto (20207033) - Edward (20207376) - Saryadi (21207000) 3 ways in which IFRS is a change for the better The basic concepts underlying preparation of financial statements will undergo significant change upon implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in India. There are three key aspects that run through each principle laid down in IFRS: substance over form, use of fair value, and recognizing time value or time cost of money. These three items need to be understood carefully. Indian GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles), like any other GAAP, also recognizes the importance of substance over form. Accounting Standard 1 (AS-1) on “Disclosure of Accounting Policies” states that substance rather than form should be the guiding principle in selection and application of accounting policies. However, the true application of this principle will happen only under IFRS. That’s because IFRS is more contemporary and has prescribed the treatment for evolving issues. Also, unlike Indian GAAP, it does not recognize the concept of a legal override. Thus, IFRS will always go by the core substance of the transaction. That will mean several changes. For instance, under Indian GAAP, redeemable preference capital (shares that do not come with voting rights but which have a higher priority over ordinary shares in terms of dividend payments, and which can be redeemed at the discretion of the issuer or shareholder) has to be treated as equity. IFRS, however, will require it to be treated as debt. Based on substance of terms, instruments such as convertible debentures are likely to be shown partly under debt and partly under equity, since the embedded warrant option in such instruments will be separately identified and presented at its fair value. Contracts for supply of goods and services may get concluded (wholly or partly) as leases (and it could be financial lease as well)! IFRS will bring with it the concept of functional currency. Indian entities may need to maintain their books in US dollars and report in the same currency to the National Stock Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange if the dollar is determined to be the currency for the primary economic environment in which it is operating, subject to regulatory approvals. In rare circumstances, IFRS even allows users to adopt a policy contrary to IFRS principles if the management believes the treatment prescribed under IFRS would be misleading and the policy proposed to be adopted better represents the substance of the underlying transactions. These concepts are unheard of in most other GAAP frameworks. The use of fair value in measuring assets and liabilities will increase considerably upon adoption of IFRS, which mandates the use of fair value in measurement of financial instruments, employee compensation, share-based payments, and assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination, to name a few. It will allow use of fair value, as opposed to cost, in relation to property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investment properties. The application of these fair value principles would require a company’s management to use considerable judgment in making estimates about the future, and the role of valuation experts in the preparation of financial statements would increase significantly. Thus, IFRS will be far more complex and challenging in its application compared with the existing regime of accounting standards. In the case of derivatives, held-for-trading investments and investment properties, IFRS allows gains or losses on fair valuation to be recognized in profit or loss accounts for the period. Undoubtedly, this is quite a bold move to allow even unrealized gains to be captured in profit or loss accounts. In such a situation, there will be extra onus on the management to exercise better financial discipline; otherwise, the company may end up declaring dividends out of unrealized profits. IFRS recognizes that value of money changes with time. It will either be a cost or income, but there is a difference in Rs100 of today and Rs100 two years back or three years later. Hence, IFRS requires receivables and payables, that is, financial assets and liabilities or monetary items to be reflected at current value. Thus, the value of Rs100 payable in three months will be different from Rs100 payable after 36 months. Consequent to these aspects, IFRS will focus on reflecting the working results and state of affairs of a business more on a current state basis rather than on a holistic long-term or historical cost basis. It will not place undue premium on prudence but push for recording of market gains and reflection of market-related realities over the reporting period. IFRS will allow flexibility in choosing the right accounting policy, but will also lead to enhanced disclosure requirements. Therefore, estimation efforts, subjectivity and judgment will increase manifold in preparing IFRS financial statements. And timelines and costs will also go up accordingly. That said, the benefits of IFRS are expected to far outweigh the costs and hassles. It will integrate domestic businesses with the global investor and financial community so that there is no language gap and barrier. It will enhance the global competitiveness of Indian businesses as well as finance professionals. And IFRS-literate people will fuel the next wave of the knowledge processing outsourcing boom. kesimpulan kelompok : Ada tiga aspek kunci yang berjalan melalui setiap prinsip yang ditetapkan dalam IFRS: substansi atas bentuk, penggunaan nilai wajar, dan nilai waktu atau waktu mengakui biaya uang dimana ketiga aspek ini harus dipahami dengan sangat hati-hati Sebagai contoh, di bawah India GAAP, modal preferensi diuangkan (saham yang tidak datang dengan hak suara tetapi yang memiliki prioritas lebih tinggi di atas saham biasa dalam hal pembayaran dividen, dan yang dapat ditebus pada kebijaksanaan emiten atau pemegang saham) harus diperlakukan sebagai ekuitas. IFRS mengakui bahwa perubahan nilai uang dengan waktu. Ini baik akan menjadi biaya atau pendapatan, tetapi ada perbedaan dalam Rs100 Rs100 hari ini dan dua tahun ke belakang atau tiga tahun kemudian. Oleh karena itu, IFRS membutuhkan piutang dan hutang, yaitu, aset keuangan dan kewajiban atau item moneter yang akan tercermin pada nilai saat ini. Dengan demikian, nilai Rs100 hutang dalam tiga bulan akan berbeda dari Rs100 hutang setelah 36 bulan. manfaat IFRS diharapkan jauh lebih besar daripada biaya dan hassles. Ini akan mengintegrasikan bisnis dengan investor domestik dan komunitas keuangan global sehingga tidak ada kesenjangan bahasa dan penghalang. Hal ini akan meningkatkan daya saing global perusahaan India serta profesional keuangan. Dan orang-orang akan mengerti IFRS akan bahan bakar gelombang berikutnya outsourcing proses pengetahuan boom.